Bifacial Photovoltaics 2021: Status, Opportunities and Challenges

In this paper we summarize the status of bifacial photovoltaics (PV) and explain why move to bifaciality is unavoidable when it comes e.g., lowest electricity generation costs or agricultural PV (AgriPV). Bifacial modules—those that are sensitive light incident from both sides—are finally available at same price per watt peak as their standard monofacial equivalents. The reason for solar cells result an evolution crystalline Si cell technology and, time, module producers increasingly switching double glass modules anyway due improved lifetimes, which allows them offer longer product warrantees. We describe general properties state-of-the-art module, review different technologies on market, average costs. Adding complexity a with increase possible degradation mechanisms, requiring more thorough testing, rear side PID (Potential Induced Degradation). show use in fixed tilt systems, gains annual energy yield up 30% can be expected compared equivalent. With combination simple single axis tracking increases than 40% installations. Rudimentary simulations systems performed commercially programs. However, detailed precise required, necessary advanced programs such those developed several institutes. All all, PV—being most cost-effective solution—is now becoming also bankable, overall best generation.